A. In this lesson you will learn three ways of expressing your requests or polite commands. In I-A and B you will learn sentences ending in a verb in the –te form { kudasai.
Examples
1. Namae o kaite kudasai.
"Please write your name."
2. Ashita daigaku e kite kudasai.
"Please come to the university tomorrow."
3. Kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.
"Please take this medicine.
The form of a verb ending in -te or- de is called the -te form of a verb. As shown in the above examples, a verb which follows a sentence ending in –te or -de adds some extra meanings such as request, command, etc. to the original sentence. Verbs of this type other than kudasai will be introduced later.
B. The following show how to make the -te form of a verb.
1. Group 1 verbs, or verbs ending in -eru or -iru
Change the final -ru to -te.
* Table of the -te form of Group 1 verbs *
Dicdonary form -Te form masu form
deru
norikaeru
iru
oriru dete
norikaete
ite
orite demasu
norikaemasu
imasu
orimasu
2. Group 2 verbs, or verbs ending in -u
(1) Change -u, -tsu or -ru to -tte.
* Table of the -te form of Group 2 verbs(1) *
Dictionary -Te form masu form
kau
matsu
noru
tooru katte
matte
notte
tootte kaimasu
machimasu
norimasu
toorimasu
(2) Change -bu, -mu or -nu to -nde.
* Table of the -te form of Group 2 verbs(2) *
yobu (call)
yomu
nomu
shinu (die) yonde
yonde
nonde
shinde yobimasu
yomimasu
nomimasu
shinimasu
(3) Change -su to -shite.
* Table of the -te form of Group 2 verbs(3) *
hanasu (speak)
osu hanashite
oshite hanashimasu
oshimasu
(4) Change -ku or -gu to -ite or -ide, respectively.
* Table of the -te form of Group 2 verbs(4) *
oku
kiku
oyogu (swim)
iku oite
kiite
oyoide
itte* okimasu
kikimasu
oyogimasu
ikimasu
Note that the verb with * is an exception to this rule.
3. Irregular verbs
The -te form of kuru is kite.
The -te form of suru is shite.
Examples
1. Otokoro o kaite kudasai.
"Please write your address."
2. Tsuuchoo o tsukutte kudasai.
"Please make my bankbook."(Lit.)
3. Kono kami ni kinyuu shite kudasai.
"Fill in this form, please."
4. Kyasshukaado o irete kudasai.
"Please put in your cash card."
5. Kono botan o oshite kudasai.
"Please push this button."
Sunday, January 24, 2010
Some Notes
I. 0mission of a particle
When speaking informally, the particles wa, ga, o and ni are often omitted.
0mission of these particles results in a subtle change of meaning. You are advised not to omit any particles while you are trying to learn to speak Japanese.
Examples
1. Kore (wa) ikura desu ka.
"How much is this?"
2. Sono shatsu (wa) momen desu ka.
"Is that shirt cotton?"
3. Watashi (ga) ikimasu yo.
"I will go."
4. Kore (o) kaimashita.
"I bought this."
II. Response : Doomo
Doomo is the abbreviated form of "Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu."
The former is less polite than the latter and is used by a customer when he speaks to a clerk, or by a teacher to a student.
Example
Customer : Kore kudasai.
"I'll take this."
Clerk : Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu. 1,000 en gozaimasu.
"Thank you very much. It's 1,000 yen."
Customer : Doomo.
"Thanks."
Clerk : Doomo arigatoo gozaimashita.
"Thank you very much."
III. Full form of ja : De wa
In this text book, ja has used instead of de wa. However, ja is the contracted form of de wa. De wa is used in a more formal situation than the one in which ja
is used. De wa used in the fifth line from the top, Dialogue 6-2 means "then." Ja on the seventh line in the same dialogue also means "then."
Example
A : Kore wa watashi no de wa arimasen.
"This is not mine."
B : De wa kore wa.
"Then, how about this?"
A : Aa. Sore wa watashi no desu.
"Oh, that's mine."
IV. Interjection : Mmmm
Mmmm shows the speaker's negative feeling.
Example
Clerk : Kore wa ikaga desu ka.
"How about this?"
Customer : Mmmm.... Amari yoku arimasen.
"Well, this isn't so good."
Clerk : De wa kore wa ikaga desu ka.
"Then, how about this one?"
Customer : Aa, kore wa ii desu ne.
"Oh, this is fine."
When speaking informally, the particles wa, ga, o and ni are often omitted.
0mission of these particles results in a subtle change of meaning. You are advised not to omit any particles while you are trying to learn to speak Japanese.
Examples
1. Kore (wa) ikura desu ka.
"How much is this?"
2. Sono shatsu (wa) momen desu ka.
"Is that shirt cotton?"
3. Watashi (ga) ikimasu yo.
"I will go."
4. Kore (o) kaimashita.
"I bought this."
II. Response : Doomo
Doomo is the abbreviated form of "Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu."
The former is less polite than the latter and is used by a customer when he speaks to a clerk, or by a teacher to a student.
Example
Customer : Kore kudasai.
"I'll take this."
Clerk : Doomo arigatoo gozaimasu. 1,000 en gozaimasu.
"Thank you very much. It's 1,000 yen."
Customer : Doomo.
"Thanks."
Clerk : Doomo arigatoo gozaimashita.
"Thank you very much."
III. Full form of ja : De wa
In this text book, ja has used instead of de wa. However, ja is the contracted form of de wa. De wa is used in a more formal situation than the one in which ja
is used. De wa used in the fifth line from the top, Dialogue 6-2 means "then." Ja on the seventh line in the same dialogue also means "then."
Example
A : Kore wa watashi no de wa arimasen.
"This is not mine."
B : De wa kore wa.
"Then, how about this?"
A : Aa. Sore wa watashi no desu.
"Oh, that's mine."
IV. Interjection : Mmmm
Mmmm shows the speaker's negative feeling.
Example
Clerk : Kore wa ikaga desu ka.
"How about this?"
Customer : Mmmm.... Amari yoku arimasen.
"Well, this isn't so good."
Clerk : De wa kore wa ikaga desu ka.
"Then, how about this one?"
Customer : Aa, kore wa ii desu ne.
"Oh, this is fine."
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